%PDF-1.3
%
3 0 obj
<>>>/BBox[0 0 612 792]/Length 134>>stream
xA =.Rc[ @-M0P*L2=ZB̬EB ӓJd'7ad#\|-(R^d3JWM k;P@1T;#21*
endstream
endobj
4 0 obj
<>>>/BBox[0 0 612 792]/Length 134>>stream
xA =.Rc[ @-M0P*L2=ZB̬EB ӓJd'7ad#\|-(R^d3JWM k;P@1T;#21*
endstream
endobj
5 0 obj
<>>>/BBox[0 0 612 792]/Length 134>>stream
xA =.Rc[ @-M0P*L2=ZB̬EB ӓJd'7ad#\|-(R^d3JWM k;P@1T;#21*
endstream
endobj
1 0 obj
<>>>/BBox[0 0 612 792]/Length 134>>stream
xA =.Rc[ @-M0P*L2=ZB̬EB ӓJd'7ad#\|-(R^d3JWM k;P@1T;#21*
endstream
endobj
6 0 obj
<>>>/BBox[0 0 612 792]/Length 134>>stream
xA =.Rc[ @-M0P*L2=ZB̬EB ӓJd'7ad#\|-(R^d3JWM k;P@1T;#21*
endstream
endobj
8 0 obj
<>>>/BBox[0 0 612 792]/Length 134>>stream
xA =.Rc[ @-M0P*L2=ZB̬EB ӓJd'7ad#\|-(R^d3JWM k;P@1T;#21*
endstream
endobj
7 0 obj
<>>>/BBox[0 0 612 792]/Length 134>>stream
xA =.Rc[ @-M0P*L2=ZB̬EB ӓJd'7ad#\|-(R^d3JWM k;P@1T;#21*
endstream
endobj
10 0 obj
<>stream
Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 9.0.114/W
2023-08-17T21:07:23-07:00
2023-07-17T11:35:32+05:30
application/pdf
PHOTOB-2023-0001-ver9-Zong_2P 364..370
Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows); modified using iText 4.2.0 by 1T3XT
uuid:ee04a71d-649f-4b4e-bd2f-adb0f42bd2eb
uuid:d171e793-f0b4-4e75-87c4-a67ab1c4fc21
endstream
endobj
11 0 obj
<>stream
x+ |
endstream
endobj
12 0 obj
<>stream
xS**T0T0 Bi y8#
endstream
endobj
13 0 obj
<>stream
x+ |
endstream
endobj
14 0 obj
<>stream
xS**T0T0 Bi yJ%
endstream
endobj
15 0 obj
<>stream
x+ |
endstream
endobj
16 0 obj
<>stream
xS**T0T0 Bi ye(
endstream
endobj
17 0 obj
<>stream
x+ |
endstream
endobj
18 0 obj
<>stream
xS**T0T0 Bi yn)
endstream
endobj
19 0 obj
<>stream
x+ |
endstream
endobj
20 0 obj
<>stream
xS**T0T0 Bi y\'
endstream
endobj
21 0 obj
<>stream
x+ |
endstream
endobj
22 0 obj
<>stream
xS**T0T0 Bi yA$
endstream
endobj
23 0 obj
<>stream
x+ |
endstream
endobj
24 0 obj
<>stream
xS**T0T0 Bi yS&
endstream
endobj
26 0 obj
<>stream
/GS1 gs
BT
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 725.7825 Tm
0 0 0 rg
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Introduction)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
26.1167 0 0 26.1167 59.7543 692.3337 Tm
(F)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 76.7622 703.162 Tm
[(or)-341.9(tooth)-346.2(defects)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
8.1845 0 TD
[(caused)-344(by)-342(caries,)-347.5(trauma,)-347.8(abrasion,)]TJ
-8.1845 -1.1116 TD
[(erosion,)-323.2(and)-327(developmental)-325.9(dysmorphia,)-327.8(tooth)-322.5(prepara-)]TJ
-1.7279 -1.1174 TD
[(tion)-212(is)-215.2(necessary)-215.7(before)-210.5(lling.)-211.9(The)-213(traditional)-216.7(preparation)-211.6(by)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(turbine)-331.6(d)-12.6(r)-6.8(i)-12.7(l)-7(l)-341(i)-7(s)-340.7(t)-7(h)-12.6(e)-336.3(c)-13.8(o)-6.9(m)-13.8(m)-8.1(o)-12.6(n)-335.2(w)-13.5(a)-8(y)-340.9(i)-7(n)-340.9(c)-8(l)-12.7(i)-7(n)-12.6(i)-7(c)-13.8(.)-337.5(W)-9.1(i)-12.7(t)-7(h)-340.9(t)-7(h)-12.6(e)-336.3(d)-12.6(e)-8(v)-12.6(e)-8(l)-12.7(-)]TJ
T*
.0118 Tc
[(opment)-191(o)4.9(f)-190.9(d)-.8(i)4.8(g)-.8(it)4.8(al)-185.3(techn)4.9(o)-.8(l)4.8(o)-.8(g)4.9(y)-.8(,)-187.5(rob)4.9(ot)-185.3(manuf)5(actu)4.9(ri)4.8(ng)-190.9(and)-190.9(l)4.8(aser)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0117 Tc
[(techn)4.8(o)-.9(l)4.7(o)-.9(g)4.8(y)-.9(,)-371.9(l)-1(aser)-375.3(to)4.8(ot)4.7(h)-375.3(p)4.8(rep)4.8(a)-2.1(r)4.9(a)-2.1(t)4.7(i)-1(o)4.8(n)-375.3(is)-369.3(bo)4.8(omin)4.8(g.)-371.9(Si)4.7(nce)-376.5(t)-1(h)4.8(e)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0125 Tc
[(int)5.5(r)-.1(o)5.6(d)-.1(u)5.6(c)-1.3(t)5.5(i)-.2(on)-403.3(of)-409(l)5.5(a)-1.3(s)5.8(e)-1.3(r)-409(i)5.5(nt)5.5(o)-409.1(t)-.2(h)5.6(e)-410.2(r)5.7(e)-1.3(sear)5.7(ch)-403.3(and)-403.3(a)-1.3(p)5.6(p)-.1(l)5.5(i)-.2(cati)5.5(on)-403.3(of)]TJ
T*
.0123 Tc
[(too)5.4(t)-.4(h)-294.1(p)-.3(r)5.5(e)-1.5(p)5.4(a)-1.5(rati)5.3(on)5.4(,)-296.4(i)-.4(t)-300(h)5.4(as)-293.9(been)]TJ
12.4352 0 TD
.0121 Tc
[(fav)5.2(o)-.5(r)5.3(e)-1.7(d)-294.3(b)-.5(ecau)5.2(se)-295.4(of)-294.2(its)-294.1(safety)]TJ
-12.4352 -1.1116 TD
.0123 Tc
[(an)5.4(d)-282.5(c)4.3(omfo)5.4(rt)5.3(.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 111.6283 619.8801 Tm
.0128 Tc
(1,2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 604.5164 Tm
0 Tc
[(The)-270.6(laser)-266.9(pulse)-271.5(width)-265.8(directly)-270.7(affects)-270.3(the)-269.5(ablation)-265(thermal)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
(effect.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 84.8126 597.94 Tm
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 92.1259 593.5746 Tm
[(Femtosecond)-373.7(laser)-370.6(\(fs-laser\))-370(is)-370.8(a)-370.9(kind)-367.4(of)-365(ultrashort)]TJ
-3.2888 -1.1116 TD
[(pulse)-248.5(laser)-255.4(with)-247.4(a)-244.2(pulse)-248.5(width)-248.5(of)-249.8(10)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 199.559 586.9983 Tm
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
(15)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 213.4488 582.6329 Tm
[(sec,)-250.8(a)-244.2(power)-249.4(intensity)]TJ
-15.6146 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-330.5(10)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 81.0708 576.0565 Tm
(14)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 91.7291 571.6345 Tm
(W/cm)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 115.937 576.0565 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 119.622 571.6345 Tm
[(.)-326(I)0(t)-330.6(i)0(s)-330.4(sufcient)-334.7(to)-330.6(make)-330.5(the)-332.9(bound)-328.1(electrons)]TJ
-6.0822 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-376.5(the)-379(insulator)-379.9(be)-377.7(stripped)-378.6(into)-379(free)-381(states)-377.4(and)-378.8(the)-379(optical)]TJ
T*
[(breakdown)-375.9(occurs,)-369.2(so)-370.6(as)-371.8(to)-370.9(realize)-375.4(the)-367.5(ablation)-374.4(of)-370.8(the)-373.2(ma-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
(terial.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 82.6582 543.1747 Tm
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 90.822 538.7526 Tm
[(Due)-460.4(to)-457.3(its)-458.4(ultra)-456.1(short)-460.4(pulse)-455.9(duration,)-462.9(the)-453.8(material)]TJ
-3.1563 -1.1116 TD
[(will)-501(be)-498.7(directly)-506.8(carried)-500.8(away)-502.9(by)-497.5(plasma)-499.7(before)-504.2(the)-499.9(heat)]TJ
T*
[(can)-650.7(spread)-642.3(around,)-644.7(which)-647(can)-645(be)-648.4(regarded)-645.8(as)-648.3()50.8(cold)49.8()]TJ
T*
(processing.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 104.3716 510.2928 Tm
(46)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 118.6015 505.9274 Tm
[(It)-319.1(is)-313.2(considered)-325.4(to)-313.4(be)-320.1(the)-315.6(least)-318.9(tissue)-318.7(thermal)]TJ
-5.9786 -1.1174 TD
[(damage)-374.2(laser.)-368.3(These)-371.7(characteristics)-374.9(make)-370.8(fs-laser)-367.9(a)-370.9(unique)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(high-precision)-801.2(micro-nano)-798(ablation)-800.6(tool.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 235.559 488.3526 Tm
(3,715)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 263.6787 483.9873 Tm
(Recently)Tj
-20.7177 -1.1116 TD
[(scholars)-448.6(have)-438.7(studie)-7.8(d)-438.8(the)-442.3(application)-442.3(of)-445.7(fs-laser)-442.8(on)-439.9(teeth,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(and)-540.1(found)-535.4(that)-535.7(fs-laser)-540.7(pulses)-537.4(can)-535.5(progressively)-540.6(remove)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(enamel)-397.4(and)-396.1(dentin)-393.9(with)-397.2(an)-389.3(acceptable)-404.2(precision)-392.4(and)-396.1(accu-)]TJ
T*
[(racy,)-338.4(with)-333.8(little)-336.7(or)-330.5(no)-336.3(observed)-333.5(thermal)-339.8(effects.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 250.696 444.529 Tm
(16)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 429.1653 Tm
[(However,)-366.5(the)-361.7(ablation)-368.6(of)-359.3(fs-laser)-367.9(is)-359.2(considered)-365.8(to)-365.2(be)-360.5(in-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(efcient.)-591.8(Sun)-590.6(et)-585.2(al.)-588.7(prepared)-588.2(cavities)-594.2(by)-583.9(an)-590.9(fs-laser)-586.7(at)]TJ
T*
[(800)-170.3(nm)-429.6(on)-434.2(enamel)-437.7(and)-436.4(dentin,)-431.9(and)-436.4(the)-436.6(measured)-433.8(ablation)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(efciencies)-1152.5(is,)-1146(respectively,)-1144.6(5.7)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
15.4418 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(10)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 228.6991 400.7054 Tm
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 247.748 396.2834 Tm
(mm)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 263.1118 400.7054 Tm
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 266.7968 396.2834 Tm
[(/s)-1142.6(and)]TJ
-21.0344 -1.1116 TD
(56.0)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
1.918 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(10)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 95.5842 389.707 Tm
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 106.9228 385.3416 Tm
(mm)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 122.2866 389.707 Tm
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 126.0283 385.3416 Tm
(/s.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 135.0425 389.707 Tm
(17)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 145.9842 385.3416 Tm
[(Chen)-363.7(et)-366.4(al.)-364(found)-362.6(that)-368.7(there)-365(is)-365(an)-360.5(op-)]TJ
-8.7605 -1.1116 TD
[(timal)-474.8(uence)-476.5(value)-474.5(for)-469.8(ablation)-472.3(efciency)-475.3(of)-474.5(the)-471.1(fs-laser)]TJ
T*
[(with)-575.7(a)-572.5(wavelength)-580.1(of)-572.4(800)-164.6(nm.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 189.4677 367.8235 Tm
(18)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 202.507 363.4582 Tm
[(When)-572.3(the)-574.8(uence)-574.4(was)]TJ
-14.5029 -1.1174 TD
[(8.85)-168(J/cm)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 97.285 356.8251 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 101.0267 352.4597 Tm
[(,)-694.6(the)-690(enamel)-702.6(ablation)-696.9(efciency)-694.1(reached)-697.7(the)]TJ
-4.1931 -1.1116 TD
[(maximum.)-534.5(When)-532(the)-534.5(uence)-534.1(was)-535(2.21)-162.2(J/cm)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 245.4802 345.8834 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 249.1653 341.518 Tm
[(,)-527.6(the)-534.5(dentin)]TJ
-19.2432 -1.1116 TD
[(ablation)-316.8(efciency)-314(reached)-311.8(the)-309.9(maximum.)-315.6(Serbin)-307.2(et)-314.5(al.)-312.2(also)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(measured)-324.3(a)-324.8(positive)-321.2(correlation)-327(between)-323.2(ablation)-328.3(efciency)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(and)-338.5(uence.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 108.2834 313.0015 Tm
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 297.6944 Tm
[(Cangueiro)-393.5(and)-384.6(Vilar)-393.7(used)-385.5(fs-laser)-396.7(to)-382.5(ablate)-396.3(bovine)-388(tibia)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(and)-378.8(found)-379.9(that)-374.4(scanning)-379.7(speed)-376.3(and)-378.8(effective)-383.4(pulse)-375.2(number)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-474.1(positively)-479(correlated)-476.6(with)-472.1(ablation)-472.3(efciency.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 271.559 280.1196 Tm
(19)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 283.5779 275.7543 Tm
(Use)Tj
-22.7393 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-350.2(fs-laser)-350.6(with)-351.1(a)-347.8(repeated)-347.6(frequency)-353.2(of)-347.7(2)-168.1(kHz)-345.2(at)-349.1(1030)-165.7(nm)]TJ
T*
[(and)-436.4(the)-442.3(scanning)-437.3(speed)-439.6(of)-434.1(10)-169.2(mm/s)-433(by)-439.9(water-cooling,)-437.1(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(maximum)-335.2(ablation)-339.8(efciency)-337(can)-333.9(be)-337.4(up)-330.5(to)-336.4(1.4)-166.9(mm)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 263.622 247.2377 Tm
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 267.307 242.8724 Tm
(/min.)Tj
-20.0726 -1.1116 TD
[(To)-302.9(improve)-303.9(the)-304.1(ablation)-311(efciency,)-305.9(researchers)-311.2(have)-306.2(also)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(tried)-352.5(various)-342.8(methods,)-353.3(such)-345.2(as)-348.7(using)-345.3(lasers)-348.5(with)-345.4(high)-350.1(repe-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(tition)-375.7(f)-12.6(r)-6.8(e)-13.8(q)-6.9(u)-12.6(e)-13.8(n)-6.9(c)-13.8(y)-381.2(o)-6.9(r)-387(a)-8(c)-13.8(i)-7(d)-387(e)-8(t)-12.7(c)-8(h)-12.6(i)-12.7(n)-6.9(g)-381.2(p)-12.6(r)-12.6(e)-8(t)-12.7(r)-6.8(e)-13.8(a)-8(t)-12.7(m)-8.1(e)-13.8(n)-6.9(t)-387.1(o)-6.9(f)-387(t)-7(o)-12.6(o)-6.9(t)-12.7(h)-381.2(t)-12.7(i)-7(s)-12.4(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0132 Tc
[(sue)5.2(.)-243.7(Pet)6.2(r).6(o)6.3(v)-247.1(et)-241.5(al)6.2(.)-249.4(o)6.3(bt)6.2(ai)6.2(ne)5.2(d)-247.1(h).6(i)6.2(g).6(h)-247.1(a)5.2(bl)6.2(at)6.2(io)6.3(n)-247.1(e)-.6(f)6.4().7(c)5.2(i).5(en)6.3(ci)6.2(es)-241.1(of)-247(2)6.3(.)-1.7(8)6.3(5)]TJ
T*
.0124 Tc
[(an)5.5(d)-311.2(3)5.5(.33)-161.5(m)-1.4(m)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 112.1953 192.4724 Tm
0 Tc
(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 115.9937 188.107 Tm
.0071 Tc
[(/)-5.6(s)-310.6(f)-5.5(o).2(r)-316.5(e)-.9(n)-5.5(a)-.9(m)-6.7(e)-.9(l)-310.9(a)-6.7(nd)-316.5(de)-6.7(nt)-5.6(in)-316.5(us)-5.3(in)-5.5(g)-310.8(a)-311.9(c)-6.7(o)-5.5(mme)-6.7(rc)-6.7(i)-5.6(a)-.9(l)]TJ
-5.7136 -1.1174 TD
.3993 Tc
[(f)386.7(s)386.9(-)392.5(l)386.6(a)391.3(s)386.9(e)385.5(r).8(w)391.6(i)386.6(t)386.6(h).8(ar)386.7(e)391.3(p)386.7(e)391.3(t)386.6(i)392.3(t)386.6(i)386.6(o)392.4(nr)386.7(a)385.5(t)392.3(eo)386.7(f5)386.7(0)392.4(0)219.7(k)392.4(H)385.8(za)385.5(n)392.4(d)-5(ap)392.4(o)386.7(w)385.8(e)391.3(r).8(o)386.7(f)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0123 Tc
[(5)-311.3(W)-307.8(at)-305.7(10)5.4(30)-161.6(nm.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 127.8992 170.5323 Tm
.0145 Tc
(20)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 138.5007 166.1669 Tm
.009 Tc
[(L)-4.8(o)2.1(ga)-4.8(na)-4.8(than)-314.6(et)-314.8(al.)-311.2(a)-4.8(ttem)-4.8(pted)-314.6(to)-314.6(etch)-314.6(the)]TJ
-8.0002 -1.1116 TD
.0125 Tc
[(too)5.6(t)-.2(h)-564.6(t)-.2(i)5.5(s).1(s)5.8(u)-.1(es)-564.4(b)5.6(e)-1.3(fo)5.6(re)-565.7(ab)5.6(lati)5.5(on)-564.6(an)5.6(d)-570.3(o)5.6(bt)5.5(ai)5.5(ned)-570.3(s)5.8(ign)5.6(i)-.2()5.8(c)-1.3(ant)5.5(l)-.2(y)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0117 Tc
[(impro)4.8(ved)-386.8(t)4.7(he)-382.2(abl)4.7(a)-2.1(t)4.7(i)-1(o)4.8(n)-386.8(efciency)-386.8(b)4.8(y)-386.8(a)-2.1(n)-381.1(8)-.9(0)4.8(0)-167.9(n)4.8(m)-388(f)4.9(s)-.7(-l)4.7(as)5(er.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 291.4015 148.6488 Tm
.0145 Tc
(21)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 59.7543 133.285 Tm
.0131 Tc
[(Ho)6.2(wev)6.2(e)-.7(r)6.3(,)-479.9(so)6.2(me)-478.7(re)5.1(sul)6.1(t).4(s)-477.4(s).7(h)6.2(o).5(we)]TJ
12.8902 0 TD
.0115 Tc
[(d)-479.2(t)-1.2(hat)-479.3(w)-2(hen)-479.2(t)-1.2(he)-480.3(repeti)4.5(ti)4.5(on)]TJ
-12.8902 -1.1116 TD
.012 Tc
[(frequ)5.1(en)5.1(cy)-386.5(was)-392.1(t)5(oo)-386.5(hi)5(gh,)-383.1(thermal)-386.6(d)-.6(amage)-387.7(a)4(nd)-386.5(mech)5.1(an)5.1(ical)]TJ
T*
[(damage)-330.1(wo)5.1(ul)5(d)-334.7(o)5.1(ccur.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 147.7984 115.7669 Tm
.0145 Tc
(22)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 100.4031 Tm
0 Tc
[(Therefore,)-375(it)-365.3(is)-365(generally)-370.7(accepted)-371.9(that)-368.7(the)-367.5(ablation)-368.6(ef-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(ciency)-540.1(achieved)-543.5(by)-532.1(most)-541.2(fs-lasers)-541.6(is)-537.8(lower)-537.5(than)-535.6(turbine)]TJ
T*
[(drills.)-373.1(Efciency)-377.4(improvement)-374.2(is)-370.8(still)-368.7(one)-373.1(of)-370.8(the)-367.5(topics)-7.8(.)-366.3(I)0(n)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(this)-419.2(study,)-423.6(we)-418.9(used)-420.1(fs-laser)-425.5(with)-420.2(optical)-419.4(wedges)-424.3(to)-417(ablate)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(dental)-608.2(hard)-604.5(tissues)-601.8(and)-603.5(restorative)-609(materials)-608(to)-601.3(explore)]TJ
25.5097 67.9242 TD
[(whether)-304.8(the)-304.1(ablation)-299.5(efciency)-308.2(could)-300.5(be)-302.9(improved.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 514.9416 729.5242 Tm
(23,24)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 534.5574 725.1588 Tm
(The)Tj
-22.7278 -1.1174 TD
[(null)-430.9(hypothesis)-432.5(was)-431.4(that)-432(the)-436.6(ablation)-432(efciencies)-438.3(have)-432.9(no)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(difference)-338.2(between)-334.7(different)-340.7(wedge)-331.2(angle)-8(s.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 679.2943 Tm
[(Materials)-332.7(and)-331.9(Methods)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
0 -1.8336 TD
[(Laser)-331(path)-332.9(construction)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 646.4124 Tm
[(In)-365(this)-367.3(experiment,)-370.7(the)-367.5(laser)-364.8(path)-368.6(was)-368(set)-367.3(up:)-366.3(a)-370.9(ber)-368.2(ul-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(trashort)-240.4(pulse)-242.8(laser)-238.1(\(YACTO-FL5)-11.1(0;)-238.5(Hangzhou)-242.4(Yi)-239.4(Li,)-237.3(China\))]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(was)-362.2(used,)-360.1(with)-362.6(a)-359.4(wavelength)-361.2(of)-365(1030)-165.7(nm,)-358.2(a)-359.4(max)-362.8(repetition)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(frequency)-382(of)-382.3(500)-170.3(kHz,)-383.2(and)-378.8(a)-382.4(pulse)-381(width)-386.8(of)-376.5(250)-383.4(fsec.)-384.3(The)]TJ
T*
[(laser)-376.4(is)-382.3(emitted)-380.3(from)-374.2(the)-379(generator)-382.1(and)-378.8(passes)-382.7(through)-376.4(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(optical)-350.2(gate,)-355.9(attenuating)-355.9(plate,)-351.3(focusing)-355.5(system,)-352(and)-350(mirror)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(successively.)-418.4(At)-412.1(the)-407.8(end,)-416.8(the)-407.8(optical)-413.6(wedge)-417.6(scanning)-414.3(pro-)]TJ
T*
[(cessing)-459(module)-458.4(of)-457.2(Zhongke)-459.3(Micro)-456.9(Precision)-461.4(Company)-460.4(is)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(added.)-374.1(The)-368.5(whole)-376.3(optical)-373.3(rotation)-373.2(system)-371.6(is)-370.8(mainly)-372.1(driven)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(by)-382.3(a)-388.2(high-speed)-387.6(rotating)-384.7(motor)-387(to)-388.2(synchronous)-387.3(high-speed)]TJ
T*
[(rotation)-522.9(of)-520.5(a)-520.6(deection)-526.1(module)-521.8(and)-517.1(lateral)-529.9(displacement)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(module)-521.8(to)-520.7(achieve)-525.1(the)-523(control)-521.7(of)-520.5(laser)-520.3(processing)-525.7(beam)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(trajectory,)-242.9(so)-243.9(that)-242(the)-240.7(fs-laser)-241.2(enters)-245(the)-240.7(module)-245.3(after)-244(a)-238.4(series)]TJ
T*
[(of)-330.5(offset)-335.9(to)-336.4(achieve)-335(the)-332.9(rotary)-336.1(ablation.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Finally,)-634.6(a)-635.8(plano-convex)-638.9(lens)-639.1(with)-633.3(a)-635.8(focal)-635.7(length)-641.6(of)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(150)-164.6(mm)-396.3(is)-399.6(used)-397(to)-394(focus)-398.1(the)-396.3(fs-laser)-402.4(beam)-393.9(onto)-396.2(the)-396.3(target)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(sample)-332.6(xed)-327.9(on)-330.5(the)-327.1(3D)-331.4(mobile)-326(platform.)-331.6(The)-334(parallel)-329.4(plate)]TJ
T*
[(rotary)-267(beam)-267.1(scanning)-270.3(module)-262.6(consists)-268.8(of)-267.1(a)-267.2(deection)-266.9(wedge)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(and)-332.8(a)-336.3(displacement)-336.1(wedge.)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 425.1967 Tm
[(Parameters)-334.3(calculation)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 408.7558 Tm
[(The)-241.8(ca)18.5(lc)19.6(ul)20.7(at)19.5(io)20.7(n)-237.2(f)0(o)20.9(r)0(m)19.6(u)0(l)20.7(a)-232.6(of)-221(th)20.7(e)-232.6(o)0(u)20.8(t)0(p)15(u)0(t)-221.2(s)0(p)21(o)0(t)-221.2(d)0(i)20.7(a)0(m)18.4(e)0(t)19.5(e)0(r)-228(\()]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
20.8156 0 TD
(x)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 532.6865 407.1117 Tm
(0)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 536.2581 408.7558 Tm
.2314 Tc
[(\)o)231.4(f)]TJ
-22.9006 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(th)20.7(e)-324.8(l)0(a)19.6(s)0(e)19.9(r)-323.6(be)19.7(am)-315.6(af)19.7(te)19.5(r)-323.6(p)0(a)19.7(s)0(s)21.2(i)0(n)15(g)-323.6(th)20.7(ro)20.9(ug)20.8(h)-323.6(t)0(h)20.7(e)-324.8(fo)20.9(cu)19.7(si)20.9(ng)-313.2(sy)15.3(st)20.9(em)-315.6(is)20.9(:)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
9.6014 -3.0469 TD
(x)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
6.8899 0 0 6.8899 412.3841 366.3495 Tm
(0)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 417.9967 367.8235 Tm
()Tj
ET
428.882 370.091 26.532 .39685 re
f
BT
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 428.8818 374.5133 Tm
(4)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
.4953 0 TD
(M)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
6.8899 0 0 6.8899 442.3747 378.085 Tm
(2)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 446.3432 374.5133 Tm
(k)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
.4953 0 TD
(f)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
-1.5551 -1.3651 TD
(p)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
(D)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-12.2451 -1.8892 TD
[(Among)-330.2(them,)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
5.9152 0 TD
(k)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.8294 0 TD
[(is)-330.4(the)-327.1(laser)-336(wavelength)-332.4(of)-330.5(1030)-165.7(nm,)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
14.9234 0 TD
(F)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.9446 0 TD
(is)Tj
-23.6263 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-258(focal)-261.4(length)-261.5(of)-255.6(the)-263.8(plane)-255.6(convex)-262.4(lens)-258.9(used,)-262.2(150)-164.6(mm,)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
22.6472 0 TD
(D)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.9791 0 TD
(is)Tj
-23.6263 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-246.5(diameter)-255.7(of)-244.1(the)-252.3(input)-247.7(beam,)-247.5(10)-169.2(mm,)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
16.0177 0 TD
(M)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 476.6739 324.9637 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 482.8534 320.5984 Tm
[(is)-244(the)-252.3(beam)-249.9(xed)]TJ
-17.4749 -1.1174 TD
[(parameter,)-474.3(according)-474.3(to)-474.6(the)-471.1(manufacturers)-476.1(design)-474.2(of)-474.5(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(optical)-333(path,)-337.4(and)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.1651 0 TD
(M)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 389.5936 303.0235 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 396.5668 298.6582 Tm
[(is)-330.4(a)-336.3(constant)-333.8(value)-336.3(of)-336.2(1.2.)]TJ
-7.695 -1.1116 TD
[(Laser)-538.7(uence)-545.6(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
6.5373 0 TD
(F)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6105 0 TD
[(\))-542.5(can)-541.3(be)-539(calculated)-547.1(by)-543.6(the)-540.2(following)]TJ
-8.1615 -1.1174 TD
(formula:)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
9.6187 -2.8568 TD
(F)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
.8236 0 TD
()Tj
ET
1 i
q 1 0 0 1 424.516 251.263 cm 0 0 m
30.728 0 l
30.728 -.397 l
0 -.397 l
f*
Q
BT
/F8 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 436.8188 255.2881 Tm
(P)Tj
-1.2499 -1.607 TD
(k)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
.4665 0 TD
(p)Tj
ET
438.973 241.738 7.8803 .39687 re
f
BT
6.8899 0 0 6.8899 438.9731 243.6094 Tm
(x)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
4.9215 0 0 4.9215 443.9054 242.5889 Tm
(0)Tj
6.8899 0 0 6.8899 441.1841 236.1259 Tm
(2)Tj
/F14 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 434.5511 247.4645 Tm
.8029 Tc
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
6.8899 0 0 6.8899 451.2755 245.0834 Tm
0 Tc
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 217.5307 Tm
(Where)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
3.0181 0 TD
(P)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.9561 0 TD
[(is)-342(the)-344.4(value)-342(manually)-346.7(read)-346.5(on)-342(the)-344.4(power)-341.6(meter)]TJ
-4.9879 -1.1174 TD
[(\(843-R;)-319.8(Newport\))-322.8(during)-317.7(the)-321.4(processing,)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
16.9163 0 TD
(K)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.9849 0 TD
[(is)-318.9(the)-321.4(repetition)]TJ
-17.9012 -1.1116 TD
[(frequency,)-333.6(and)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
6.3702 0 TD
(x)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 380.6361 193.9464 Tm
(0)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 387.5527 195.5905 Tm
[(is)-330.4(the)-332.9(output)-335.2(spot)-326.9(diameter)-336.3(calculated)-339.8(in)]TJ
-7.7929 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-332.9(above)-336.1(equation.)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 160.6676 Tm
[(Sample)-332.2(preparation)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 144.2267 Tm
[(Four)-470.7(commonly)-479.1(used)-477.7(dental)-475.7(restorative)-482.3(materials,)-479(gold)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(alloy)-369.8(\()-81.7(Minigold,)-376.4(Ivoclar)-373(Vivadent\),)-373.9(cobalt-chromium)-374.1(alloy)]TJ
T*
[(\(Wironit,)-533.2(Bremer,)-538.7(Germany\),)-535(pure)-535.4(titanium)-535.9(\(TA2,)-534(Rijin,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(Japan\),)-668.8(and)-661.1(3Y-zirconia)-673.3(porcelain)-664.5(block)-669.2(\(SHT,)-666.3(Aidite,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(China\))-423.6(were)-422.3(used)-425.8(to)-422.8(prepare)-425.8(cuboid)-422.6(samples.)-423.4(Several)-425.8(im-)]TJ
T*
[(pacted)-522.8(third)-518.3(molars)-521.5(extracted)-527.4(from)-518.2(the)-523(oral)-518.3(surgical)-523.8(de-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(partment)-588.6(of)-583.9(Peking)-589.5(University)-589.2(Hospital)-592.8(of)-583.9(Stomatology)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-341.6(collected)-349(and)-344.3(immediately)-346.9(put)-343.3(into)-338.7(0.01%)-343(thymol)-347.9(so-)]TJ
T*
[(lution.)-477(A)-480(diamond)-482.5(wire)-478.8(cutter)-481.5(\(STX-202;)-484.2(Kejing,)-478.9(China\))]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 749.7069 Tm
[(OPTICAL)-337.6(WEDGE)-338.2(IMPROVES)-337.8(FS-LASER)-335.2(EFFICIENCY)-27278.6(365)]TJ
ET
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
hbd`ad`ddwvuqvL)0q6q57+i ^!FR :"~|WXtesWnXr)R'5f+jjXؾJnUi
'뒗HO4n}vµsp6yA%ݭ|?t~[tּ+kf./=Kǫa3!25^@df QY];
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
hTP1n0
)2NWC]D;bJ): y#eӾdOv %85B%(`[QOʃnN-
Jȯ8;dK#.;' 5lNʟՄ rvg4u $}S,E"nlRc sdn O'TG i
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
OCEDAK+AdvP4C4E46 wr( C1C0AdvP4C4E46 Y .S"r]=JyW:30$.&%q)e P;XSș
Hs{+;PWB>
(
||MO=B3^s587
4,#S1]Ga7tL|UO|~%
JHs"]=?
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
/GS1 gs
BT
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 62.022 531.1558 Tm
0 0 0 rg
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(was)-270.1(used)-264.6(to)-261.5(make)-267.1(two)-269.2(parallel)-266.1(cuts)-270.4(in)-261.5(the)-263.8(crown)-266.7(of)-267.1(the)-263.8(tooth)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(perpendicular)-284.1(to)-273(the)-281.1(long)-275.2(axis)-276.2(of)-278.6(the)-275.3(tooth)-282.2(to)-273(obtain)-278.7(a)-278.7(dental)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(sample)-338.4(with)-333.8(a)-330.6(thickness)-340.4(of)-330.5(3)-168.1(mm.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(The)-547.1(dentin)-543.7(was)-546.6(exposed)-551.3(on)-543.6(the)-546(upper)-542.3(surface)-552.3(of)-543.6(the)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(sample,)-434(and)-430.7(the)-436.6(outer)-433(ring)-430.7(of)-428.4(the)-436.6(dentin)-428.5(was)-437.1(coated)-430.7(with)]TJ
T*
[(enamel.)-556.3(The)-552.8(upper)-553.8(surfaces)-559(of)-549.3(all)-551.9(tooth)-552.9(and)-551.6(restorative)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(materials)-423.7(samples)-419.9(were)-416.5(applied)-419.2(to)-417(a)-417(water)-417.7(sandpaper)-422.1(pol-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ishing)-427.1(machine)-427.3(\()-81.7(M-Prep)-428.9(5)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
11.099 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.8812 0 TD
[(;)-427.4(Allied\))-424.8(using)-425.9(mesh)-427.1(sizes)-428(of)]TJ
-11.9802 -1.1116 TD
[(320,)-277.4(600,)-277.4(800,)-277.4(1000,)-278.5(1500,)-278.5(2000,)-278.5(and)-275.2(3000)-280.9(sandpaper)-278.1(under)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(a)-474.6(stream)-476.6(of)-474.5(water)-475.3(until)-472.4(smooth.)-477.7(The)-472.2(tooth)-472.3(sampl)-7.8(es)-469.7(were)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(stored)-312.9(in)-307.6(thymol)-307.6(solution)-308.5(before)-308.4(and)-309.7(after)-313.2(the)-304.1(laser)-313(ablation)]TJ
T*
[(experiment)-355.8(to)-347.9(maintain)-352.6(a)-353.6(certain)-351.2(hydration)-356.9(state)-347.7(to)-353.7(prevent)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(drying)-283.2(and)-286.7(cracking.)-286.5(This)-282(study)-287.7(was)-287.4(approved)-281.8(by)-284.4(the)-286.8(Ethics)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(Committee)-442.3(of)-434.1(Peking)-439.7(University)-445.2(Hospital)-437.3(of)-439.9(Stomatology)]TJ
T*
[(\(no.)-335(PKUSSIRB-201949124\).)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 345.8267 Tm
[(Laser)-331(wedge)-336.6(rotary)-332.3(ablation)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 329.3857 Tm
[(The)-431.9(fs-laser)-431.2(parameters)-437.2(were)-433.8(set)-430.6(to)-434.3(a)-428.5(repetition)-434.3(rate)-433(of)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(25)-169.2(kHz)-310.6(and)-315.5(a)-313.3(pulse)-317.6(energy)-314.2(percentage)-322.2(of)-313.2(60%.)-313.1(The)-316.7(number)]TJ
T*
[(of)-319(scanning)-316.3(layers)-325.6(was)-316.2(set)-321.2(as)-314.2(50,)-316.7(the)-321.4(scanning)-322.1(time)-318.1(of)-313.2(each)]TJ
T*
[(layer)-365(was)-362.2(1)-162.4(sec,)-366(the)-361.7(laser)-359.1(Z-axis)-366(dropped)-360.2(by)-359.3(0.01)-168(mm)-356(after)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(each)-411.1(layer)-405.3(was)-408.3(scanned,)-406.1(and)-407.6(the)-402(optical)-407.8(wedge)-411.9(angle)-405.4(was)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(adjusted)-241.6(in)-238.5(the)-240.7(range)-243.9(of)-238.3(0)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
10.1083 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6393 0 TD
[(to)-238.5(80)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
2.0159 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6336 0 TD
[(during)-242.9(the)-240.7(processing.)-241.1(0)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
9.5957 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6336 0 TD
(is)Tj
-23.6263 -1.1116 TD
[(used)-316.4(as)-319.9(a)-319(blank)-317.8(control)-314.4(to)-319.1(compare)-317.7(with)-322.3(the)-315.6(ablation)-322.5(where)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-292.6(laser)-295.7(beam)-290.2(is)-295.9(incident)-293.8(diagonally)-296(on)-290.2(the)-292.6(sample)-292.3(surface.)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(The)-391.6(laser)-393.6(optical)-390.6(wedge)-388.8(rotary)-393.7(ablation)-391.7(was)-391(performed)-393.5(on)]TJ
T*
[(six)-757.8(materials)-763.6(\(Fig.)-756.5(1\),)-760.1(namely)-759.1(pure)-760.1(titanium,)-758.2(cobalt-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(chromium)-479.1(alloy,)-476.9(gold)-476.8(alloy,)-476.9(3Y-zirconia)-477.4(porcelain)-480.2(block,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(enamel,)-360.5(and)-355.8(dentin.)-357(Each)-359.3(material)-365.2(was)-356.5(ablated)-357(by)-359.3(ve)-355.6(dif-)]TJ
25.504 32.7439 TD
[(ferent)-337.3(angle)-8(s)-329.2(\(Tabl)-8(e)-330.6(1\).)-333.9(Each)-342(parameter)-338.4(was)-333.4(repeated)-341.9(three)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(times)-8(,)-331.7(and)-332.8(a)-336.3(total)-335.4(of)-330.5(90)-336.3(laser)-336(ablation)-334.1(holes)-334.9(were)-335.9(obtained.)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 493.6818 Tm
[(Diameter,)-340(depth,)-334.6(volume)-333.8(measurement,)-329.3(and)-335.7(ablation)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(efciency)-334.3(calculation)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 466.2991 Tm
[(All)-442.2(the)-436.6(samples)-437.2(were)-445.3(cleaned)-438.7(in)-434.3(an)-441.1(ultrasonic)-439.7(washing)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(mach)-8(ine)-425(\(DR-MH20,)-430.6(Derry,)-425.6(China\))-429.4(for)-423.7(40)-169.2(min)-425.1(to)-422.8(remove)]TJ
T*
[(the)-275.3(plasma)-275(attached)-278.7(to)-267.3(the)-275.3(surface.)-273.6(The)-276.4(diameter,)-276.4(depth,)-275.2(and)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(volume)-314.4(of)-307.4(the)-309.9(cavities)-312(were)-307.1(measured)-312.8(with)-310.8(a)-307.5(laser)-313(confocal)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(microscope)-326.7(\(VK-X00,)-324.7(Keyence,)-321.9(Japan\).)-323.2(In)-318.9(this)-321.3(experiment,)]TJ
T*
[(the)-327.1(laser)-324.5(ablation)-322.5(efciency)-325.5(is)-324.7(dened)-325.6(as)-320(the)-321.4(volume)-325.9(of)-324.7(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(sampl)-7.8(e)-486.1(ablation)-489.6(by)-491.8(the)-488.4(laser)-491.5(per)-488.2(unit)-488.5(time.)-488.5(The)-489.5(ablation)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(efciency)-273.7(of)-261.4(each)-267.1(microcavity)-270.6(was)-264.3(calculated,)-268.3(and)-269.4(the)-263.8(mean)]TJ
T*
[(value)-526.3(and)-517.1(standard)-523.7(deviation)-525.2(of)-514.8(three)-526.3(replicates)-522.7(of)-520.5(each)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(angle)-370.8(were)-370.4(calculated.)-372(The)-362.8(ablation)-368.6(diameters,)-375.2(depths,)-368.2(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(efciencies)-282.8(of)-278.6(four)-275(restorative)-280.7(materials,)-277.4(enamel,)-279.8(and)-275.2(dentin)]TJ
T*
[(were)-358.9(plotted)-360.6(to)-353.7(observe)-355.4(their)-358.2(changing)-356.9(trends.)-362.4(The)-351.2(ratio)-358.2(of)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-384.7(maximum)-381.3(ablation)-385.9(efciency)-383.1(during)-381.1(the)-379(change)-384.5(of)-382.3(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(optical)-258.1(wedge)-250.6(angle)-255.6(to)-250(the)-252.3(ablation)-253.4(efciency)-256.4(when)-254.1(the)-252.3(laser)]TJ
T*
[(is)-457.1(vertically)-464.2(incident)-455(is)-457.1(calculated)-460.7(to)-457.3(visually)-459.4(express)-458.9(the)]TJ
T*
[(impro)-6.8(vement)-332.8(of)-336.2(the)-332.9(ablation)-334.1(efciency.)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 275.4141 Tm
[(Statistical)-342.4(analysis)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 258.9731 Tm
[(All)-442.2(ablation)-437.7(efciency)-446.5(data)-438.8(were)-439.6(input)-443.5(into)-436.6(SPSS)-441.5(soft-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(ware,)-402.7(and)-401.9(Shapiro-Wilk)-402.7(and)-401.9(Levene)-403(were)-399.2(used)-402.8(to)-399.7(test)-403(the)]TJ
T*
[(normality)-548.3(and)-545.9(homogeneity)-545.8(of)-543.6(variance)-549.2(of)-549.3(the)-540.2(data,)-545.9(re-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(spectively.)-421.3(If)-411.1(the)-413.5(data)-415.8(conform)-413.2(to)-411.3(normal)-418(distribution)-416.8(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(homogeneit)-9.1(y)-605.9(o)0(f)-606.9(variance,)-610.2(one-way)-609.9(analysis)-610(of)-612.7(variance)]TJ
T*
[(\(ANOVA\))-524.6(was)-517.8(used,)-521.4(and)-517.1(the)-523(least)-520.5(signicant)-520.2(difference)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(\(LSD\))-358.7(pairwise)-357.6(comparison)-360.1(was)-356.5(performed.)-356.6(If)-353.5(the)-355.9(data)-352.4(did)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(not)-412.4(conform)-413.2(to)-411.3(normal)-412.3(distribution,)-414.5(the)-407.8(KruskalWa)-10.6(llis)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
23.5745 0 TD
(H)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-23.5745 -1.1116 TD
[(test)-518.2(was)-517.8(used,)-515.7(and)-511.3(the)-517.2(Bonferroni)-514.3(method)-516(was)-517.8(used)-512.2(for)]TJ
T*
[(pairwise)-392.2(comparison)-388.9(after)-388(adjustment.)-386.8(If)-388(the)-384.7(data)-387(were)-387.7(in-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(consistent,)-281.7(Brown-Forsythe)-283.1(test)-276.3(was)-281.6(used,)-279.5(and)-275.2(Dunnetts)-276.9(T3)]TJ
ET
62.022 136.687 239.131 .28348 re
f
62.022 57.43 239.131 .22675 re
f
62.022 101.083 239.131 .28345 re
f
BT
/F10 1 Tf
9.845 0 0 9.845 73.5307 172.2897 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
3.0002 0 TD
(1.)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
1.2496 0 TD
[(The)-333.5(Parameters)-338.4(of)-331.2(Femtosecond)-334.6(Laser)]TJ
-2.6086 -1.0135 TD
[(to)-335.8(Explore)-331.4(the)-338.1(Effect)-331.9(of)-337(Wedge)-335(Angles)]TJ
.0921 -1.0135 TD
[(on)-331.2(Ablation)-332.2(Efciency)-341.5(of)-331.2(Dental)-336(Hard)]TJ
1.7218 -1.0077 TD
[(Tissue)-336.3(and)-332(Prosthetic)-333.2(Materials)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
8.8489 0 0 8.8489 62.022 107.3197 Tm
(Materials)Tj
5.4714 2.0245 TD
(Percentage)Tj
.615 -1.0123 TD
[(of)-333.8(Pulse)]TJ
-.6086 -1.0123 TD
[(energy)-336.4(\(%\))]TJ
5.2471 2.0245 TD
(Repetition)Tj
.0833 -1.0123 TD
[(freque)-9.1(ncy)]TJ
1.4223 -1.0123 TD
(\(k\))Tj
3.3059 1.0123 TD
(Scanning)Tj
.6407 -1.0123 TD
[(layers)-1322.2(Wedge)-335.4(angles)-340.5(\()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
10.1163 0 TD
()Tj
/F8 1 Tf
.3972 0 TD
(\))Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-26.6906 -1.9156 TD
(Prosthetic)Tj
1.102 -1.0123 TD
(materials)Tj
6.1569 1.0123 TD
[(60)-4029.3(25)-3612.9(50)-2164.9(0,)-332.7(20,)-332.5(40,)-332.5(60,)-338.9(80)]TJ
-7.2589 -2.0245 TD
[(Dentin)-4531.8(50)-4029.3(25)-3612.9(50)-2164.9(0,)-332.7(10,)-332.5(20,)-332.5(30,)-338.9(40)]TJ
0 -1.0123 TD
[(Enamel)-4188.8(50)-4029.3(25)-3612.9(50)-2164.9(0,)-332.7(20,)-332.5(30,)-332.5(40,)-338.9(60)]TJ
ET
313.058 103.975 239.131 .28342 re
f
313.058 56.58 239.131 .22678 re
f
313.058 85.323 239.131 .22675 re
f
BT
/F10 1 Tf
9.845 0 0 9.845 338.3999 119.622 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
3.0002 0 TD
(2.)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
1.2496 0 TD
[(The)-333.5(Relationship)-338.7(of)-331.2(Percentage)]TJ
-1.0884 -1.0135 TD
[(of)-331.2(Pulse)-334(Energy)-336.2(and)-337.8(Power)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
-5.7355 -1.837 TD
[(Percentage)-338.2(of)-336.2(pulse)-334.4(energy)-3147.7(Power)-3618.7(Fluence)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
0 -1.9003 TD
[(50%)-12304.2(1.70)-328.8(W)-2940(7.77)-167.6(J/cm)]TJ
7.3837 0 0 6.5625 548.5038 77.2157 Tm
(2)Tj
9.845 0 0 9.845 313.0582 62.8724 Tm
[(60%)-12304.2(2.04)-328.8(W)-2940(9.32)-167.6(J/cm)]TJ
7.3837 0 0 6.5625 548.5038 67.2945 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
1 i
62.022 732.245 m
338.457 732.245 l
338.457 563.527 l
62.022 563.527 l
W n
q
276.454 0 0 168.718 62.022 563.527 cm
/Im2 Do
Q
Q
BT
/F9 1 Tf
9.845 0 0 9.845 351.2692 669.203 Tm
[(FIG.)-400.1(1.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
4.1807 0 TD
[(The)-402.7(images)-401(of)-399.3(dental)-400.2(restorative)-406.3(mate-)]TJ
-4.1807 -1.0135 TD
[(rials)-328.8(and)-326.6(dental)-331.1(hard)-333.4(tissues)-330.4(after)-330(fs-laser)-326.8(ablation)]TJ
0 -1.0077 TD
[(when)-656.7(the)-660.8(wedge)-658.8(angle)-658.2(increases)-664.1(successively.)]TJ
0 -1.0135 TD
[(Cobalt-chromium)-245.6(alloy)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
9.634 0 TD
(\(a\))Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.1632 0 TD
[(,)-245.2(pure)-247(titanium)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
6.1156 0 TD
(\(b\))Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.2208 0 TD
[(,)-245.2(gold)]TJ
-18.1337 -1.0135 TD
(alloy,)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
2.6201 0 TD
(\(c\))Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.4799 0 TD
(3Y-zirconia)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
5.1539 0 TD
(\(d\))Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.2208 0 TD
[(,)-366.2(dentin)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
3.4897 0 TD
(\(e\))Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.1114 0 TD
[(,)-366.2(and)-361.2(enamel)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
-15.0759 -1.0077 TD
[(\(f)-82.6(\))]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
1.0826 0 TD
[(.)-331.6(fs-laser,)-336(femtosecond)-338(laser.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 749.6502 Tm
(366)Tj
48.2122 0 TD
[(ZONG)-330.7(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
ET
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
Adobe d
`@
s !1AQa"q2B#R3b$r%C4Scs5D'6Tdt&
EFVU(eufv7GWgw8HXhx)9IYiy*:JZjz m !1AQa"q2#BRbr3$4CS%cs5DT
&6E'dtU7()euFVfvGWgw8HXhx9IYiy*:JZjz ? WȌUǴAQ]v*UثWb]v*UثWb]v*UW'DxͿ!<}ZXHJAFК"0QSϢA' jB/R6y58SU=y~W^*0q 5 On?U;é msou?M W| S I^*ϝa 6k]9L:&x>v S ۏw0q 5 On?U;é msou?M W| S I^*ϝa 6k]9L:&x>v S ۏw0q 5 On?U;é msou?M W 3̚Yuk\7qq,4t<]TWz7&hS':ioI%2.xTTb_ >g) 1sXˍeuS_M*VW'L% 5b S> IsXe~bϪ\V*Y_37ՊVW'L% 5b S> IsXe~bϪ\V*Y_37ՊVW'L% 5b S> IsXe~bϪ\V*Y_37ՊVW'L% 5b S> IsXe~bϪ\V*Y_37ՊVW'L% 5b S> IsXe~bϪ\V*Y_37Պ~e~bTϪ\V*Ǣt4