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[(en)15.7(e)12.8(r)0(g)13.9(y)-187.8(do)19.5(se)-178.3(up)-179.8(to)-180.3(4.)16.5(5)-157.6(J)12.2(.)-192.6(W)13.6(il)18.2(li)18.2(a)13.1(m)0(s)-182.2(e)12.8(t)-190.2(a)0(l)15.9(.)-186.3(re)18.4(po)21.2(rt)17.8(ed)-179.9(si)14.1(m)15.1(i)0(l)18.2(a)0(r)-177.3()0(n)18.9(d)0(i)18.8(n)0(g)17.5(s)]TJ T* [(wi)20.1(th)-212.5(t)12.2(h)0(e)-205.6(e)0(n)15.7(e)0(r)18.4(g)0(y)-204.8(d)0(o)19.5(s)0(e)-209.9(u)0(p)-205(t)12.2(o)-217.7(2)0(.)16.5(4)-157.6(J)12.2(.)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 181.1905 357.1653 Tm (10)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 189.7511 353.1967 Tm [(Pa)18.1(ul)20.4(in)18.4(o)-217.7(e)0(t)-209(a)13.1(l.)-208.8(a)13.1(l)0(s)14.1(o)-211.4(fo)15.7(un)20.6(d)-218(t)12.2(ha)16.1(t)]TJ -14.4984 -1.2266 TD [(fe)18.6(we)17.4(r)-519.2(b)0(a)15(c)13.4(te)18.6(ri)21.1(a)-524.3(s)0(u)22.6(r)0(v)17.5(i)0(v)21(e)0(d)-515.1(w)0(i)20.1(t)12.2(h)-521.9(i)0(n)18.4(c)0(r)19(e)0(a)19.6(s)0(e)17.8(d)-521.5(en)15.7(e)12.8(r)0(g)20.2(y)-522.9(do)19.5(se)-513.4(wh)20.3(e)12.7(n)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(th)15.1(e)12.7(y)-301.6(us)22.6(ed)-287.4(PA)16.2(D)-298.6(t)12.2(o)-299.9(d)0(i)25.1(s)0(i)14.1(n)0(f)21.4(e)0(c)19.8(t)-297.6(ca)20.2(na)16.1(l)-294.4(c)0(o)16.9(l)0(o)19(n)0(i)18.4(z)13.1(ed)-287.4(wi)20.1(th)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 21.2892 0 TD [(St)20.4(re)17.6(pt)19(oc)21(oc)14.7(c)14(u)0(s)]TJ -21.2892 -1.2203 TD [(mu)19.5(ta)19.2(ns)]TJ /F6 1 Tf 2.9654 0 TD (.)Tj 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 88.4976 324.2834 Tm -.0195 Tc (29)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 99.6661 320.3149 Tm 0 Tc [(In)-492.4(ou)14.8(r)-500.2(p)0(i)14.1(l)0(o)19(t)-506.3(st)23.5(ud)14.6(y)14.6(,)-508.7(b)14.6(a)0(c)13.9(t)12.2(er)18.4(ia)22.2(l)-509.4(c)13.4(on)19.1(ce)19.8(nt)15.1(ra)18.8(t)12.2(i)0(o)19(n)0(s)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 20.1511 0 TD (<)Tj /F6 1 Tf .7082 0 TD (10)Tj 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 295.4834 324.2834 Tm (9)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 309.3164 Tm [(CF)14.4(U/)20.9(mL)-278.8(we)17.4(re)-285.1(us)22.6(ed)16.1(,)-293.8(a)13.1(nd)-284.6(we)-279.7(fo)15.7(un)20.6(d)-293.9(t)12.2(ha)16.1(t)-291.3(t)0(h)15.1(e)-290.7()61.3()0(k)19(i)15.4(ll)18.2()61.3()-292.7(pe)17.7(rc)19(e)12.8(n)0(t)15.1(a)13.1(ge)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(wa)17.8(s)-285.8(1)13.1(00)19.9(%)-279.8(w)0(i)20.1(t)0(h)-275.7(a)-284(lo)19(w)-279.8(e)0(n)15.7(e)12.8(rg)20.2(y)-282.6(d)0(o)19.5(s)0(e)-273.1(o)0(f)-275.1(0)0(.)16.5(5)-151.3(J.)-275.3(Th)18.9(er)18.4(e)12.8(f)0(o)15.7(r)0(e)18.4(,)-281.1(a)-284(h)0(i)18.4(g)14.6(he)15.7(r)]TJ T* [(co)16.9(nc)16.3(e)12.7(n)0(t)15.1(r)0(a)18.8(t)12.2(io)19(n,)-265.5(wh)20.3(ic)16.2(h)-275.3(w)0(a)17.8(s)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 11.4634 0 TD (>)Tj /F6 1 Tf .7082 0 TD -.0131 Tc (10)Tj 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 177.6755 291.4015 Tm -.0195 Tc (12)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 186.7464 287.433 Tm 0 Tc [(CF)14.4(U/)20.9(mL)18.4(,)-274.8(w)0(a)24.2(s)-279.5(c)13.4(h)0(o)12.8(s)0(e)24.1(n)-281.6(i)15.4(n)-281.6(t)12.2(h)0(i)18.4(s)]TJ -14.1633 -1.2266 TD [(ex)16.9(pe)17.7(ri)21.1(me)21.5(nt)-307.4(t)12.2(o)-312.6(in)18.4(ve)18.3(st)17.2(ig)17.3(a)13.1(t)12.2(e)-316(t)12.2(he)-306.8(re)18.4(la)22.3(ti)15(on)19.1(sh)20.6(ip)-302.1(be)21(tw)16.9(e)12.7(e)0(n)-306.8(t)12.2(he)-306.8(ir)21.1(ra)18.8(di)18.8(-)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(at)19(io)19(n)-275.3(e)12.7(ne)15.7(rg)20.2(y)-270(a)13.1(nd)-265.6(i)15.4(t)0(s)-261(b)0(a)15(c)13.4(te)18.6(ri)14.7(c)13.4(i)0(d)18.8(a)13.1(l)-275.4(e)12.8(ff)18(ec)19.8(ts)17.2(.)]TJ 1.1128 -1.2203 TD [(According)-447.7(to)-439.5(the)-440(results)-444.9(of)-445.8(our)-441.1(experiment,)-448.1(PAD)-440.4(had)-442.2(a)]TJ -1.1128 -1.2203 TD [(profound)-281.4(bactericidal)-275.9(effect)-272.4(on)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 13.7587 0 TD [(EF)-273(in)-271.9(vitro)]TJ /F6 1 Tf 4.4387 0 TD [(,)-268.5(and)-277.8(the)-275.6(effect)-272.4(was)]TJ -18.1973 -1.2266 TD [(related)-437(to)-433.2(the)-440(energy)-436.4(dose)-430.6(delivered.)-440.8(For)-431.5(the)-440(same)-434.6(energy)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(dose,)-307.1(the)-307.3(group)-301.5(with)-306.2(100)-162.9(mW)-306.4(output)-305(demonstrated)-309.2(a)-303(higher)]TJ T* [(effectiveness)-345.7(in)-342(bacterial)-339.7(killing)-342.5(than)-335.5(the)-338.9(group)-345.7(with)-337.8(50)-163.4(mW)]TJ 0 -1.2267 TD [(output)-431.4(exposed)-427.7(to)-426.9(longer)-425.7(irradiation)-431.6(time.)-428(Our)-422.4(study)-427.9(sup-)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(ports)-430.2(the)-427.4(parameter)-429.6(of)-426.9(increasing)-430(the)-427.4(output)-425.1(power)-430(of)-426.9(the)]TJ T* [(diode)-410.6(laser)-403.3(with)-407.4(shortened)-413.2(irradiation)-406.4(time.)-409(Therefore,)-412(this)]TJ 0 -1.2266 TD [(study)-307.7(obtained)-301.5(a)-303(good)-303.8(result)-304.4(when)-305.5(bacteria)-298.2(concentration)-309.7(of)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD (10)Tj 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 68.7685 159.874 Tm (14)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 78.5197 155.9055 Tm [(CFU/mL)-338.3(was)-343.9(exposed)-339.2(to)-338.4(shorter)-344.4(irradiation)-343.1(time)-342.9(com-)]TJ -2.0929 -1.2203 TD [(pared)-339.6(with)-331.5(prolonged)-338(irradiation.)]TJ 1.1128 -1.2266 TD [(In)-328(this)-324.8(experiment,)-327.9(PAD)-326.6(could)-326.1(signicantly)-327(destroy)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 23.2241 0 TD (EF)Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.4796 0 TD (in)Tj -25.8164 -1.2203 TD [(planktonic)-394.7(solution)-398.5(at)-385.7(low)-393.6(energy)-392.1(doses,)-390.6(which)-396.9(can)-387.9(reduce)]TJ T* [(the)-408.4(risk)-402(of)-401.6(unwanted)-404.7(side)-406.1(effects.)-409.4(Therefore,)-405.7(the)-402.1(glass)-408.4(tube)]TJ T* [(was)-324.9(modeled)-319.5(to)-325.7(simulate)-323.3(the)-319.9(root)-322.9(canal,)-318(but)-322.4(it)-326.5(was)-318.6(different)]TJ 0 -1.2266 TD [(from)-697(the)-693(complex)-695.8(root)-695.9(canal)-688.1(systems)-695.5(of)-692.4(human)-694.4(teeth.)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(Therefore,)-266.6(another)-269.4(experiment)-261.8(was)-261.7(performed)-265.6(on)-265.4(an)-262.1(infected)]TJ T* [(tooth)-408.2(model.)-408(In)-403.8(the)-402.1(experiment,)-410.1(we)-406.2(found)-403(that)-408.5(PAD)-402.5(could)]TJ 0 -1.2267 TD [(eliminate)-352.8(10)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 108.17 61.285 Tm (14)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 118.0346 57.2598 Tm [(CFU/mL)-351(bacteria)-348.8(in)-348.4(glass)-345.2(tubes)-355.2(when)-349.7(the)-345.2(ir-)]TJ 21.5042 74.5598 TD [(radiation)-338.9(energy)-335.2(dose)-342.1(reached)-334.5(4.5)-166.3(J.)-338.5(But)-339.9(in)-335.7(root)-341.8(canals,)-331.9(even)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(when)-387.7(the)-389.5(energy)-392.1(dose)-386.4(reached)-391.4(15)-163.4(J)-392.5(\(according)-389.4(to)-388.9(the)-389.5(users)]TJ 0 -1.2266 TD [(manual)-346.3(of)-351(the)-351.5(PAD)-351.9(device\),)-351.2(10)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 434.8345 707.8676 Tm (6)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 441.2975 703.8423 Tm [(or)-351.2(10)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 461.707 707.8676 Tm (7)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 468.2267 703.8423 Tm [(CFU/mL)-351(bacteria)-348.8(in)]TJ -17.5524 -1.2203 TD [(root)-417.7(canals)-423.9(could)-420.9(not)-423.9(be)-421.6(totally)-419.4(eliminated.)-421.9(Therefore,)-424.6(it)-421.3(is)]TJ T* [(noteworthy)-525.7(that)-522.3(PAD)-522.6(could)-528.4(not)-518.8(completely)-524.9(eradicate)-524.3(the)]TJ 0 -1.2266 TD [(root)-354.5(canal)-353(infection.)-354.8(One)-354.1(possible)-359.6(reason)-355.4(for)-351.7(the)-351.5(incomplete)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(bacterial)-364.9(elimination)-362.6(could)-364(be)-358.4(attributed)-367.9(to)-363.6(the)-364.2(low)-362(concen-)]TJ T* [(tration)-238.5(of)-243.5(available)-241.8(nascent)-241.2(oxygen)-238.4(in)-240.9(the)-244(canals,)-237.1(especially)-243.9(in)]TJ 0 -1.2266 TD [(dentinal)-434(tubules)-436(and)-435.9(canal)-428.9(irregularities,)-437(where)-435.5(the)-433.7(photo-)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(sensitizer)-475.1(agent)-469.3(might)-477.3(not)-468.2(diffuse)-477.9(well)-470.2(into)-471.7(deep)-472.1(dentinal)]TJ T* [(tubules)-423.3(and)-423.2(canal)-422.5(irregularities.)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 439.1999 620.1636 Tm (30)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 449.7448 616.1951 Tm [(And)-418.8(it)-427.6(has)-421.5(been)-424.9(demon-)]TJ -15.4911 -1.2203 TD [(strated)-391.1(that)-395.9(the)-395.8(ability)-392.5(of)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 11.6911 0 TD (EF)Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.5491 0 TD [(to)-395.3(form)-393.5(a)-391.5(bacterial)-390.2(biolm)-394.2(on)]TJ -13.2402 -1.2266 TD [(root)-386.1(canal)-384.6(dentine)-386.6(may)-380.9(be)-383.7(a)-378.9(factor)-388.9(that)-383.2(contributes)-390.7(to)-382.6(their)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(persistence)-339.8(after)-336.2(endodontic)-337.7(treatment.)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 465.6755 587.2817 Tm (19)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 320.8251 572.3715 Tm [(In)-271.1(e)12.7(x)0(p)15.5(e)12.7(ri)14.7(m)15.1(e)0(n)15.7(t)-285(2)13.1(,)-281.1(al)15.9(l)-281.7(t)0(h)15.1(e)-278.1(sp)16.3(e)12.8(c)0(i)16.2(m)0(e)21.5(n)0(s)-276.6(w)0(e)17.4(r)0(e)-272.5(s)0(t)17.2(e)12.8(ri)21.1(li)18.2(ze)19.6(d)-281.2(b)0(y)-274.4(s)0(t)17.2(e)12.8(am)]TJ -1.1128 -1.2266 TD [(a)13.1(u)0(t)17.1(o)0(c)16.9(l)0(a)22.3(v)0(i)21(n)0(g)17.5(.)-641.5(S)14.2(t)0(e)18.6(a)0(m)-629.4(a)0(u)18.1(t)12.2(oc)16.9(la)22.3(vi)14.7(ng)-627.4(is)-630.8(t)12.2(h)0(e)-629.3(m)0(o)18.6(s)0(t)-627.8(e)0(f)18.6()0(c)16.7(i)0(e)21.9(n)0(t)-629.8(a)0(n)16.1(d)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(po)21.2(pu)16.3(la)22.3(r)-285.2(m)0(e)15.2(t)12.2(ho)19.1(d)-287.5(o)0(f)-275.1(s)0(t)17.2(e)0(r)18.4(i)0(l)18.2(i)0(z)22.3(a)0(t)19(i)0(o)19(n)-287.9(us)16.3(e)12.7(d)-287.5(in)-278.8(t)12.2(h)0(e)-281.5(d)0(e)22.4(n)0(t)15.1(a)13.1(l)-288.1()0(e)22.4(l)0(d)18.8(,)-287.4(bu)19.5(t)-285(i)0(t)]TJ T* [(a)13.1(f)0(f)18(e)0(c)19.8(t)0(s)-317.9(e)12.8(na)16.1(me)21.5(l)-326(m)0(i)24.2(c)0(r)19(o)0(h)12.8(a)13.1(rd)21.6(ne)15.7(ss)22.7(,)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 427.918 543.4581 Tm (31)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 437.4991 539.4896 Tm [(a)13.1(n)0(d)-316.2(a)13.1(lt)15(e)12.8(r)0(s)-318.2(d)0(e)22.4(n)0(t)15.1(i)0(n)-310.4(s)0(t)17.2(r)0(u)16.9(c)13.4(tu)17.1(re)18.4(.)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 543.2881 543.4581 Tm (32)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 528.4912 Tm [(In)-365.9(t)12.2(h)0(i)18.4(s)-374.4(st)17.2(ud)20.9(y,)-361.4(te)18.6(et)18.6(h)-376.4(s)0(e)17.8(r)0(v)17.5(e)12.7(d)-376(o)0(n)19.1(l)0(y)-362(t)0(o)-363.7(r)0(e)18.4(p)0(r)16.9(e)0(s)17.8(e)12.7(nt)-370.6(a)-372.6(m)0(o)18.6(r)0(e)-361(r)0(e)18.4(a)0(l)15.9(i)15.4(st)17.2(ic)]TJ T* [(mo)18.6(de)22.4(l)-484.1(t)12.2(ha)16.1(n)-483.9(t)12.2(he)-477.5(pl)20.4(an)16.1(k)14.5(t)0(o)15.7(n)0(i)18.4(c)-479.8(so)14.9(lu)20.4(t)12.2(i)0(o)19(n)0(,)-474.2(a)0(n)16.1(d)-483.5(t)12.2(h)0(e)-477.5(a)13.1(lt)21.3(er)18.4(na)16.1(t)12.2(i)0(o)19(n)-483.9(of)]TJ T* [(t)12.2(e)0(e)19.2(t)0(h)-313.7(b)0(y)-318.7(s)0(t)23.5(e)0(a)19.6(m)-326.4(a)13.1(u)0(t)17.1(o)0(c)16.9(l)0(a)22.3(v)0(e)-316.8(w)0(a)24.2(s)-323.8(no)19.1(t)-329.3(i)0(n)18.4(v)0(e)24.7(s)0(t)17.2(i)0(g)17.3(a)13.1(te)18.6(d.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 0 -2.5292 TD (Conclusions)Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.1128 -1.8336 TD [(The)-341.4(results)-343.7(of)-338.4(this)-343.8(study)-339.4(demonstrated)-347.1(that)-345.3(PAD)-339.3(with)-344.1(an)]TJ -1.1128 -1.2266 TD [(energy)-398.4(dose)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 5.9878 0 TD ()Tj /F6 1 Tf .7145 0 TD [(4.5)-166.3(J)-398.8(was)-394.5(able)-399.4(to)-395.3(completely)-398.4(eradicate)-397.8(viable)]TJ /F7 1 Tf -6.7023 -1.2203 TD (EF)Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(in)-348.4(the)-345.2(bacteria)-348.8(suspension)-354.7(with)-344.1(10)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 461.2534 449.518 Tm (14)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 471.118 445.5495 Tm [(CFU/mL;)-347.6(however,)]TJ -17.8749 -1.2203 TD [(in)-436.9(the)-433.7(root)-436.7(canal)-441.5(model,)-433.3(PAD)-434.1(with)-439(an)-439.2(energy)-436.4(dose)-436.9(at)-436.3(15)-163.4(J)]TJ T* [(could)-288.2(not)-291.2(thoroughly)-292.8(eliminate)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 14.0179 0 TD (EF)Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.4416 0 TD [(with)-293.5(10)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 479.055 427.6345 Tm (6)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 485.0078 423.666 Tm [(or)-288(10)]TJ 6.7246 0 0 5.9768 504.8503 427.6345 Tm (7)Tj 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 510.803 423.666 Tm (CFU/mL.)Tj -22.3009 -1.2266 TD [(The)-354(effectiveness)-358.3(of)-357.3(PAD)-351.9(in)-354.7(killing)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 15.9464 0 TD (EF)Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.5049 0 TD [(in)-354.7(the)-357.8(planktonic)-356.8(so-)]TJ -17.4512 -1.2203 TD [(lution)-457.7(is)-453.8(greater)-460.8(than)-455.7(in)-462.2(an)-451.8(infected)-458.9(tooth)-465.1(model,)-452.3(and)-461.1(the)]TJ T* [(bactericidal)-345.5(effect)-354.6(increased)-345.6(linearly)-347.3(with)-350.5(the)-351.5(irradiation)-343.1(en-)]TJ 0 -1.2267 TD [(ergy)-294(dose)-297.8(and)-290.4(was)-299.6(superior)-296.2(using)-298.5(higher)-293.5(output)-298.6(power.)-300.1(It)-293.4(is)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(noteworthy)-304.4(that)-294.7(these)-302.1(two)-302(simple)-298.1(models)-298.9(did)-300.4(not)-297.5(reproduce)]TJ T* [(the)-319.9(complex)-316.4(situation)-319.8(as)-317(found)-320.8(in)-316.7(infected)-319.8(root)-316.5(canals)-316.4(in)-323.1(the)]TJ 0 -1.2266 TD [(patients)-511.3(mouths.)-503(It)-508.4(should)-508.5(not)-506.1(be)-510.2(surprising)-508.5(that)-503.4(a)-505.3(high)]TJ 0 -1.2203 TD [(energy)-379.4(dose)-380(may)-374.5(be)-377.4(required)-380.2(for)-377(effective)-384(disinfection,)-381.6(and)]TJ T* [(this)-331.2(is)-333.6(worth)-337.7(further)-335.8(investigation.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 0 -2.5292 TD [(Author)-332.4(Disclosure)-336.7(Statement)]TJ /F6 1 Tf 1.1128 -1.8336 TD [(No)-331.5(competing)-335.1(nancial)-337.6(interests)-339.8(exist.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf -1.1128 -2.6999 TD (References)Tj /F6 1 Tf 8.4682 0 0 8.4682 315.0424 245.6503 Tm [(1.)-501.9(Sjo)]TJ 2.1089 .0067 TD ()Tj .4352 -.0067 TD [(gren,)-263.5(U.,)-256.4(Figdor,)-262.7(D.,)-256.4(Persson,)-268.8(S.,)-258.7(and)-258.8(Sundqvist,)-262.1(G.)-262(\(1997\).)]TJ -1.2921 -1.2385 TD [(Inuence)-385(of)-375.5(infection)-381.6(at)-376.4(the)-378.7(time)-383.8(of)-375.5(root)-380.1(lling)-374.7(on)-379.9(the)-378.7(out-)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(come)-417.2(of)-409(endodontic)-420.5(treatment)-412.2(of)-415.7(teeth)-412.1(with)-415.5(apical)-414(period-)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(ontitis.)-342.3(Int.)-330.6(Endod.)-339.8(J.)-331.8(30,)-336.7(297306.)]TJ -1.2519 -1.2318 TD [(2.)-501.9(Zhu,)-322.4(X.,)-320.2(Wang,)-319.4(Q.,)-319.1(Zhang,)-315.8(C.,)-318.4(Cheung,)-322(G.S.P.,)-320.4(and)-325.7(Shen,)-316(Y.)]TJ 1.2519 -1.2385 TD [(\(2010\).)-266(Prevalence,)-264.7(Phenotype,)-264.2(and)-258.8(Genotype)-263.1(of)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 21.2024 0 TD (Enterococcus)Tj -21.2024 -1.2318 TD (faecalis)Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.2001 0 TD [(isolated)-342.8(from)-334(saliva)-338.8(and)-332.4(root)-340(canals)-340.1(in)-332(patients)-342(with)]TJ -3.2001 -1.2385 TD [(persistent)-343(apical)-333.6(periodontitis.)-342.4(J.)-338.5(Endod.)-333.1(36,)-330(19501955.)]TJ -1.2519 -1.2318 TD [(3.)-501.9(Siqueira,)-394.4(J.F.)-386.7(Jr.,)-393.1(Ro)]TJ 9.607 .0067 TD ()Tj .4352 -.0067 TD (c)Tj .0536 0 TD [()-59.6(as,)-393.9(I.N.,)-384.6(Souto,)-392.9(R.,)-387.2(de,)-391.9(Uzeda,)-389.3(M.,)-390.7(and)]TJ -8.8438 -1.2385 TD [(Colombo,)-598.2(A.P.)-600.7(\(2002\).)-600.7(Actinomyces)-602(species,)-600.9(streptococci,)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD (and)Tj /F7 1 Tf 2.0687 0 TD [(Enterococcus)-393.5(faecalis)]TJ /F6 1 Tf 8.9241 0 TD [(in)-385.5(primary)-392.3(root)-393.5(canal)-387.9(infections.)-398.4(J.)]TJ -10.9928 -1.2385 TD [(Endod.)-339.8(28,)-330(168172.)]TJ -1.2519 -1.2318 TD [(4.)-501.9(Johal,)-707.3(S.,)-700.6(Baumgartner,)-708.9(J.C.,)-703.8(and)-707.4(Marshall,)-705(J.G.)-707.6(\(2007\).)]TJ 1.2519 -1.2385 TD [(Comparison)-446(of)-435.8(the)-438.9(antimicrobial)-438.3(efcacy)-442.5(of)-435.8(1.3%)-440.9(NaOCl/)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(BioPure)-364.4(MTAD)-360.1(to)-362.1(5.25%)-356(NaOCl/15%)-362.4(EDTA)-358.4(for)-365.5(root)-360(canal)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(irrigation.)-336.4(J.)-338.5(Endod.)-333.1(33,)-336.7(4851.)]TJ -1.2519 -1.2318 TD [(5.)-501.9(Le)-260.3(Goff,)-262(A.,)-256.4(DautelMorazin,)-265.6(A.,)-263.1(Guigand,)-259.7(M.,)-256.8(Vulcain,)-264.4(J.M.,)]TJ 1.2519 -1.2385 TD [(and)-359.2(Bonna)-9.4(ureMallet,)-364.2(M.)-359.5(\(1999\).)-359.7(An)-365.2(evaluation)-360.9(of)-362.2(the)-365.3(CO)]TJ 6.351 0 0 5.6449 546.7463 71.5464 Tm (2)Tj 8.4682 0 0 8.4682 325.644 57.3732 Tm [(laser)-340(for)-332(endodontic)-340.2(disinfection.)-343.6(J.)-331.8(Endod.)-339.8(25,)-330(105108.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 749.7069 Tm [(PHOTOACTIVATED)-344.2(DISINFECTION)-335.5(ON)]TJ /F14 1 Tf 18.8423 0 TD [(ENTEROCOCCUS)-336.1(FAECALIS)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 35.2755 0 TD (5)Tj ET endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>/XObject<>/ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI]/Font<>>>/Thumb 76 0 R/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Rotate 0>> endobj 77 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Font<>>> endobj 75 0 obj <>stream /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 8.4682 0 0 8.4682 66.274 725.7825 Tm 0 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw [(6.)-501.9(Ramsko)]TJ 4.365 .0134 TD ()Tj .4352 -.0134 TD [(ld,)-672.6(L.O.,)-670.1(Fong,)-666.2(C.D.,)-670.9(and)-667.2(Stro)]TJ 14.3268 .0134 TD ()Tj .4352 -.0134 TD [(mberg,)-673.8(T.)-665.7(\(1997\).)]TJ -18.3102 -1.2318 TD [(Thermal)-305.1(effects)-311.2(and)-312.4(antibacterial)-309.7(properties)-314.7(of)-308.6(energy)-310.2(levels)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(required)-481.7(to)-482.7(sterilize)-487.7(stained)-485.7(root)-480.5(canals)-480.7(with)-489.2(an)-481.2(Nd:YAG)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(laser.)-331.1(J.)-338.5(Endod.)-333.1(23,)-336.7(96100.)]TJ -1.2519 -1.2385 TD [(7.)-501.9(Wang,)-259.2(Q.Q.,)-265.5(Zhang,)-268.9(C.F.,)-259.5(and)-265.5(Yin,)-266.2(X.Z.)-263.5(\(2007\).)-266(Evaluation)-265.1(of)]TJ 1.2519 -1.2318 TD [(the)-305(bactericidal)-307.9(effect)-312.1(of)-308.6(Er,Cr:YSGG,)-306.6(and)-305.7(Nd:YAG)-312.3(lasers)-305.6(in)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(experimentally)-339.7(infected)-335.4(root)-339.9(canals.)-331.2(J.)-338.5(Endod.)-333.1(33,)-336.7(830832.)]TJ -1.2519 -1.2318 TD [(8.)-501.9(Moritz,)-667(A.,)-671.5(Gutknecht,)-675.2(N.,)-666.4(Goharkhay,)-674(K.,)-669.9(Schoop,)-676.7(U.,)]TJ 1.2519 -1.2385 TD [(Wernisch,)-479.4(J.,)-483.5(and)-486.4(Sperr,)-478.6(W.)-484(\(1997\).)-480.2(In)-480.8(vitro)-486.5(irradiation)-482.9(of)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(infected)-362.1(root)-360(canals)-360.2(with)-362(a)-356.9(diode)-360.7(laser:)-357.8(results)-366(of)-355.5(microbio-)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(logic,)-443(infrared)-453(spectrometric,)-447.9(and)-446.3(stain)-453(penetration)-452.4(exami-)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(nations.)-335.3(Quintessence)-345.1(Int.)-330.6(28,)-336.7(205209.)]TJ -1.2519 -1.2385 TD [(9.)-501.9(Bonsor,)-306.2(S.J.,)-316(Nichol,)-310.7(R.,)-306.9(Reid,)-308.5(T.M.,)-313.3(and)-305.7(Pearson,)-312(G.J.)-312.6(\(2006\).)]TJ 1.2519 -1.2318 TD [(An)-318.3(alternative)-326.6(regimen)-322.2(for)-318.6(root)-326.6(canal)-321(disinfection.)-323.5(Br.)-320.9(Dent.)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(J.)-331.8(22,)-330(101105.)]TJ -1.754 -1.2318 TD [(10.)-504(Williams,)-467.8(J.A.,)-467.7(Pearson,)-472.6(G.J.,)-471(Colles,)-469.4(M.J.,)-468.1(and)-473(Wilson,)-468.3(M.)]TJ 1.754 -1.2385 TD [(\(2003\).)-279.3(The)-277.4(effect)-278.7(of)-281.8(variable)-280.3(energy)-283.5(input)-276.8(from)-280.4(a)-276.6(novel)-280.7(light)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(source)-293.2(on)-299.6(the)-298.3(photoactivated)-303.9(bactericidal)-301.2(action)-299.4(of)-295.2(toluidine)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(blue)-335.4(O)-330.3(o)0(n)-333.1(Streptococcus)-348.1(mutans.)-334.9(Caries)-335(Res.)-335.6(37,)-336.7(190193.)]TJ -1.754 -1.2385 TD [(11.)-504(Bhatti,)-456.2(M.,)-457.6(MacRobert,)-465.2(A.,)-457.3(Meghji,)-460.1(S.,)-459.6(Henderson,)-465.4(B.,)-455.9(and)]TJ 1.754 -1.2318 TD [(Wilson,)-515.2(M.)-506.8(\(1997)-7.8(\).)-512.6(Effect)-517.6(of)-509.4(dosimetric)-518.2(and)-513.2(physiological)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(factors)-444.5(on)-446.9(the)-445.6(lethal)-441.4(photosensitization)-461.4(of)-442.5(Porphyromonas)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(gingivalis)-334.7(in)-332(vitro.)-336.9(Photochem.)-338.8(Photobiol.)-339.6(65,)-336.7(10261031.)]TJ -1.754 -1.2385 TD [(12.)-504(Mark,)-375.3(W.,)-381.2(and)-379.3(Kent,)-381.4(B.C.)-377.2(\(2004\).)-379.8(Photosensitising)-392.4(agents)]TJ 1.754 -1.2318 TD [(circumventing)-585.4(resistance)-582(and)-580.2(breaking)-583.4(down)-576.5(biolms:)-585.1(a)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(review.)-334.7(Int.)-337.3(Biodeterior.)-339.7(Biodegradation)-334.8(53,)-336.7(119)-329.8(126.)]TJ -1.754 -1.2318 TD [(13.)-504(Garcez,)-355.4(A.S.,)-363.4(Ribeiro,)-358.6(M.S.,)-357.1(Tegos,)-362.4(G.P.,)-354(Nu)]TJ 20.794 .0067 TD ()Tj .4352 -.0067 TD (n)Tj .1071 .0067 TD ()Tj .4686 -.0067 TD [(ez,)-355.3(S.C.,)-358.5(Jorge,)]TJ -20.0509 -1.2385 TD [(A.O.,)-537.6(and)-540(Hamblin,)-540(M.R.)-541.5(\(2007\).)-540.4(Antimicrobial)-543.2(photody-)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(namic)-695.8(therapy)-698.5(combined)-697.8(with)-696.7(conventional)-697.7(endodontic)]TJ 0 -1.2385 TD [(treatment)-472.5(to)-462.6(eliminate)-471(root)-473.8(canal)-468.3(biolm)-467.8(infection.)-473(Lasers)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD [(Surg.)-331.1(Med.)-338.6(39,)-330(5966.)]TJ -1.754 -1.2385 TD [(14.)-504(Foschi,)-372.1(F.,)-367.3(Fontana,)-368.6(C.R.,)-373.2(Ruggiero,)-371.6(K.,)-368.7(et)-368.2(al.)-368.2(\(2007\).)-373.1(Photo-)]TJ 1.754 -1.2318 TD [(dynamic)-436.9(inactivation)-446(of)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 11.1803 0 TD [(Enterococcus)-447.1(faecalis)]TJ /F6 1 Tf 9.0246 0 TD [(in)-439.1(dental)-446.4(root)]TJ -20.2049 -1.2385 TD [(canals)-333.4(in)-332(vitro.)-336.9(Lasers)-337.5(Surg.)-337.8(Med.)-331.9(39,)-336.7(782787.)]TJ -1.754 -1.2318 TD [(15.)-504(Bonsor,)-306.2(S.J.,)-316(Nichol,)-310.7(R.,)-306.9(Reid,)-308.5(T.M.,)-313.3(and)-305.7(Pearson,)-312(G.J.)-312.6(\(2006\).)]TJ 1.754 -1.2385 TD [(Microbiological)-261.8(evaluation)-267.2(of)-261.7(photo-activated)-276.5(disinfection)-265.5(in)]TJ 0 -1.2318 TD 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